Utility of Ki‐67, p53, Bcl‐2, and Cox‐2 biomarkers for low‐grade endometrial cancer and disordered proliferative/benign hyperplastic endometrium by imprint cytology

In this report, the authors examined the characteristic features of morphology and molecular biology of Ki‐67, p53, Bcl‐2, and cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) immunocytochemistry in low‐grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (LG‐ENEC) and disordered proliferative (DP)/benign hyperplastic (BH) endometrium. We carried out a prospective study by collecting endometrial imprints from freshly resected uteri over a 20‐month period and finally 104 patients were evaluated with endometrial cytology. We focused on LG‐ENECs, as well as on BH endometrium and its precursor lesion, DP endometrium, firstly because of the overlapping cytomorphology of these pathologic entities and secondly because of the lack of agreement in the differential diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia from complex hyperplasia and well‐differentiated endometrial carcinoma, even in curettage specimens. Ki‐67 expression of LG‐ENEC showed predominance in comparison with DP/BH endometrium. Furthermore, high levels of Bcl‐2 (>50%) were expressed only in DP/BH endometrium. DP/BH endometrium was negative for p53 marker, except from two cases of BH endometrium. Cox‐2 expression ≥50% was found only in LG‐ENECs. Using Ki‐67, Bcl‐2, p53, and Cox‐2 markers, we managed to distinguish fully DP/BH endometrium from LG‐ENEC. Higher Ki‐67%/Bcl‐2% rate and also higher Cox‐2 expression were found in LG‐ENEC cases with FIGO stage ≥ IC, than in cases with FIGO stage < IC. The immunocytochemical findings from a combination of Ki‐67, p53, Bcl‐2, and Cox‐2, may differentiate LG‐ENEC from DP/BH endometrium with overlapping cytomorphology. Immunocytochemistry appeared to be useful also for the correlation between LG‐ENEC and FIGO stage. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42: 134–142. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for a gastrointestinal mantle cell lymphoma with multiple lymphomatous polyposis

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP)is an uncommon type of gastrointestinal lymphoma characterized by the presence of multiple polyps along the gastrointestinal tract.Most of this entity is in fact considered the counterpart of gastrointestinal tract involvement for mantle cell lymphoma(MCL).To our knowledge,there have been no reports on[fluorine-18]-fluorodeoxy-glucose(18F-FDG)-positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT)imaging for gastrointestinal MCL with MLP.We present the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with gastrointestinal tract involvement of MCL showing continuous MLP from the stomach to the rectum and intestinal intussusception.FDG-PET/CT findings were false negative in typical MLP spreading widely over the gastrointestinal tract,but uptake was noted in large lesions with deep infiltration considered atypical as MLP.On FDG-PET/CT imaging,the Ki-67proliferative index,which is a cell proliferation marker,showed neither correlation with the presence of uptake nor the maximum standardized uptake value.     

Relationship between diabetic retinopathy microalbuminuria and other modifiable risk factors

BackgroundDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes that can lead to irreversible blindness. Microalbuminuria is strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy and can be used as a reliable marker of diabetic retinopathy.AimTo assess the association between DR, microalbuminuria, and other modifiable risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology3090 patients with T2DM visiting North Delhi Diabetes Centre, New Delhi between July 2016 to October 2019 were evaluated for the clinical and biochemical parameters that included urinary albumin, HbA1C, lipid profiles, serum creatinine estimation and underwent biothesiometry.Results3090 patients (1350 females and 1740 males), with mean age of 52.7 ± 9.2 years and diabetes duration ranging from 1 to 19 years (mean 9.4 ± 6), duration of less than 5 years, 6–10 years and more than 10 years in 52%, 26% and in 22%, respectively. Duration of diabetes was strong predictor of retinopathy (p = 0.001). The HbA1c and BMI in patients with DR was significantly higher than in those without DR. 18.2% patients were diagnosed to have retinopathy. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 24.2% and was positively associated with DR (p = 0.002). 33.9% and 4.5% patients had microalbuminuria macroalbuminuria, respectively and 9.7% patients had creatinine >1.3 mg/dL. There was significant positive relationship between different grades of retinopathy and albuminuria.ConclusionsOur study is a large real-world study that demonstrates that HbA1c, BMI, duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria and peripheral neuropathy are relatively, yet cohesively contributing factors towards varying grade of retinopathy.     

The effect of age on osteogenic,adipogenic and proliferative potential of female adipose‐derived stem cells

Human adipose tissue is an ideal source of autologous cells that is both plentiful and easily obtainable in large quantities through the simple surgical procedure of liposuction. The stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue contains a stem cell population, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs), capable of adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. These cells have already been recognized to possess great therapeutic potential in tissue engineering and regeneration. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of donor age on the growth kinetics and differentiation potential of ASCs. For this, ASCs were isolated from liposuctioned adipose tissue obtained from female patients in the age range 20–58 years. Population doubling time was calculated over 2 weeks and differentiation potential was determined by assaying for adipogenesis and osteogenesis. ASCs obtained from older donors appeared to have a slower rate of proliferation, but this relationship was not significant. While adipogenic potential was unrelated to donor age, a distinct relationship between donor age and osteogenic potential was observed. The aetiology of this age‐dependent change in osteogenic potential was not due to any changes in the number of precursors with osteogenic capacity in the adipose sample. These findings have important implications for emerging cell‐based therapeutic strategies, such as tissue engineering, in addition to treatment of various metabolic bone disorders including osteoporosis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

细胞增殖因子ki-67在视网膜母细胞瘤裸小鼠移植瘤中的表达及意义

目的 研究视网膜母细胞瘤（ｒｅｔｉｎｏｂｌａｓｔｏｍａ，ＲＢ）移植瘤中的细胞增殖活性与其发生发展及浸润生长的相关性。方法 对２０例裸小鼠玻璃体腔ＲＢ移植瘤进行细胞增殖因子ｋｉ－６７蛋白表达的免疫组织化学染色，以正常视网膜组织标本作为正常对照。比较分析ＲＢ移植瘤眼内生长期（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）及蔓延扩展浸润期（Ⅳ～Ⅴ级）ｋｉ－６７蛋白表达的情况。结果 正常视网膜组织中ｋｉ－６７蛋白表达阴性。２０例ＲＢ移植瘤细     

Increased p53 immunoreactivity in proliferative inflammatory atrophy of prostate is related to focal acute inflammation

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) of prostate has been proposed as a precursor lesion of prostate cancer. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the expression of p53 protein in PIA lesions and to investigate the relationship between p53 staining and Ki‐67, glutathione S‐transferase‐π (GSTP1) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) immunohistochemical expression. The results revealed that p53 nuclear immunostaining appeared in PIA lesions in 2.1±3.4% (mean±SD) of the basal and 0.9±2.3% of the luminal epithelial cells. Both these values were significantly higher than those in normal‐appearing acini (p<0.0001). Increased p53 expression in luminal cells was related to focal infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A positive correlation between p53 expression and Ki‐67 was found in COX‐2‐positive PIA lesions (r=0.610, p<0.0001). Half of the p53‐positive epithelial cells expressed diffuse GSTP1 immunostaining in the same lesions. The present study demonstrates an increased p53 expression in PIA lesions, and inflammation, especially acute inflammation, may play a role in the induction of p53 over‐expression, particularly as cells in PIA lesions are known to have a reduced defence against DNA damage.     

Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Pathobiology and Therapeutic Targets

The cell biology and molecular mediators of proliferative vitreoretinopathy continue to be elucidated. The purpose of this review is to summarize contemporary findings in the visual and neurosciences relevant to the pathophysiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, with an emphasis on the biologic mediators that represent potential therapeutic targets.     

3D手术视频系统在PDR合并牵拉性视网膜脱离手术中的应用

目的：评价3D手术视频系统在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)合并牵拉性视网膜脱离(TRD)玻璃体切除术中的应用效果。

方法：回顾性分析2018-08/2019-03于我院行25G微创玻璃体切除术的PDR合并局部TRD(无牵拉性视网膜裂孔)患者32例38眼的临床资料,根据术中采用的观察系统进行分组,试验组16例19眼采用3D手术视频系统手术,对照组16例19眼采用传统显微镜手术。记录两组患者手术时间、术中医源性视网膜裂孔和硅油注入情况。术后至少随访6mo,观察最佳矫正视力及术后并发症发生情况。

结果：试验组术中发生医源性视网膜裂孔1眼,硅油注入1眼; 术后视网膜均完全复位; 术后1d玻璃体出血4眼,2～4wk后自行吸收; 术后2wk内发生高眼压6眼,药物治疗均能控制; 术后6wk后玻璃体再出血2眼; 术后6mo最佳矫正视力0.3以上者15眼。对照组术中发生医源性视网膜裂孔4眼,硅油注入5眼; 术后视网膜均完全复位; 术后1d玻璃体出血6眼,2～4wk后自行吸收; 术后2wk内发生高眼压5眼,药物治疗均能控制; 术后6wk后玻璃体再出血3眼; 术后6mo最佳矫正视力0.3以上者14眼。所有患者手术均顺利完成,均无眼内炎等严重并发症发生,但试验组手术时间明显短于对照组(37.3±4.8min vs 41.2±5.1min,P=0.020)。

结论：3D手术视频系统在PDR合并TRD玻璃体切除术中的应用能够缩短手术时间,提高手术效率。